HW #10-2 Nelson Mandela

The Life of Nelson Mandela.

Read the following passage about the life of Nelson Mandela. When you have finished, re-read the passage and then answers the questions on the question sheet.

Nelson Mandela was born in Umtata, South Africa, in 1918. As a student in the 1940s he became involved in the struggle against apartheid – the system which segregated people according to their color and took many basic rights away from black people in South Africa.

During this period he also became involved with the A.N.C. (the African National Congress), the political party which he would eventually lead. In 1952 he and his friend Oliver Tambo became the first black people to open and run a law firm in South Africa. A turning point for Nelson Mandela and for the ANC came in 1960 when the South African police killed 69 black people who were demonstrating against the government in Sharpeville.

As a result of these killings, the ANC decided that non-violent protests were not working. Soon after, Mandela was arrested and sent to prison.

During the years that Mandela was in prison (firstly on Robben Island and later in Pollsmoor Prison near Cape Town), the South African government came under more and more pressure to end the system of apartheid. In 1990 the white president F.W. de Clerk decided to release Nelson Mandela from prison. Two years later, de Clerk and his government began scrapping the laws which discriminated against black people.

In April 1994 South Africa held its first free election in which people of all races were allowed to vote. At this election Nelson Mandela was elected President of South Africa – the first black person to ever hold the office.

	1.	What was apartheid?  (1 pt)

	2.	What do the initials A.N.C. stand for?  (1 pt)

	3.	What job did Nelson Mandela begin doing in 1952?  (1 pt)

	4.	What happened to make the ANC decide that non-violent protest didn’t work?  (1 pt)

	5.	What were the black people doing when they were killed at Sharpeville in 1960?  (1 pt)

	6.	In which two places were Nelson Mandela imprisoned?  (1 pt)

	7.	When was Mandela released from jail?  (1 pt)

	8.	In what year did F.W. de Clerk’s government begin to scrap the system of apartheid?  (1 pt)

9.

Use your books or the internet to find out three more facts about South Africa