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Document #1
How can you ever dream of Hindu-Muslim unity? Everything pulls us apart: We (Muslims) have no intermarriages. We have not the same calendar. The Muslims believe in one God, and the Hindus are idolatrous. the Muslims believe in an equalitarian (equal) society, whereas the Hindus maintain their iniquitous (unfair) system of castes and leave 50 million untouchable to their tragic fate, at the bottom
of the social ladder. MOHAMMED ALI JINNAH (Leader of the Muslim league)
1. How does Jinnah view the relationship between Indian Hindus and Indian Muslims?
2.What evidence supports your answer?
Document#2
Nehru faced other problems both within
and without. Sikhs pressed for their own state in the Punjab. Besides Hindi and English, fourteen other state languages were made official (they are all listed on India's currency notes). In foreign affairs, Nehru tried to be a leader of non-aligned nations, those siding with neither the United States nor the Soviet Union. At first
China responded favorably, but later attacked and humiliated India in a 1962 border war.
1. What does this document tell you about the problems Nehru faced in India?
2. What evidence supports your answer?
Document #3
A year after Nehru's death, his daughter, Indira Gandhi (no relation to Mohandas Gandhi), became prime minister during a period of monumental change for India. The Green
Revolution created high yield seeds which helped India's agricultural production, but
Large landowners who could afford the necessary irrigation and fertilization fared better
than small farmers. Indira Gandhi nationalized India’s largest banks and, later, its insurance
companies and coal mines. The country's economy stagnated and corruption sapped the
Government's strength to deal with economic concerns. In spite of these problems, India tested its first nuclear device in 1974.
Early on Indira Gandhi broke with the party bosses of Congress who thought they could control her. She formed the Congress (I) Party, a faction of the Congress Party, and won reelection in 1971. A 1975 court decision declared Gandhi's 1971 election victory had been illegally managed by a government employee. In response, she declared a state of emergency, suspended civil liberties, and jailed thousands of opponents. Indira Gandhi lost the general election
Of 1977, but was victorious in 1980. In 1984, Sikh extremists, who wanted a separate state, took over the holiest Sikh shrine, the Golden Temple in Amritsar in the state of Punjab. Gandhi used massive military force to expel these extremists. In retaliation, two of Gandhi's own Sikh bodyguards gunned her down.
1.What does this document tell you about Indira Gandhi’s role in India's development?
2.What evidence supports your answer?